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 CommentsProcedural SQL (PSQL) Statements 

The RETURNING Clause

The optional RETURNING clause, if present, need not contain all the columns mentioned in the statement and may also contain other columns or expressions.The returned values reflect any changes that may have been made in BEFORE triggers, but not those in AFTER triggers.OLD.fieldname and NEW.fieldname may both be used in the list of columns to return;for field names not preceded by either of these, the new value is returned.

The user executing the statement needs to have SELECT privileges on the columns specified in the RETURNING clause.

The syntax of the returning_list is similar to the column list of a SELECT clause.It is possible to reference all columns using *, or table_name.*, NEW.* and/or OLD.*.

In DSQL, a statement with a RETURNING clause can return zero or more rows.The update or insert is executed to completion before rows are returned.In PSQL, if a RETURNING clause is present and more than one matching record is found, an error “multiple rows in singleton select” is raised.This behaviour may change in a future Firebird version.

The optional INTO sub-clause is only valid in PSQL.

Example of UPDATE OR INSERT

Modifying data in a table, using UPDATE OR INSERT in a PSQL module.The return value is passed to a local variable, whose colon prefix is optional.

UPDATE OR INSERT INTO Cows (Name, Number, Location)
  VALUES ('Suzy Creamcheese', 3278823, 'Green Pastures')
  MATCHING (Number)
  RETURNING rec_id into :id;

UPDATE OR INSERT INTO Cows (Name, Number, Location)
  VALUES ('Suzy Creamcheese', 3278823, 'Green Pastures')
  MATCHING (Number)
  RETURNING old.*, new.*;