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 Data Types and SubtypesData Definition (DDL) Statements 

ALL

Syntax
<value> <op> ALL (<select_stmt>)

When the ALL quantifier is used, the predicate is TRUE if every value returned by the subquery satisfies the condition in the predicate of the main query.

Example

Show only those clients whose ratings are higher than the rating of every client in Paris.

SELECT c1.*
FROM Customers c1
WHERE c1.rating > ALL
      (SELECT c2.rating
       FROM Customers c2
       WHERE c2.city = 'Paris')
Important

If the subquery returns an empty set, the predicate is TRUE for every left-side value, regardless of the operator.This may appear to be contradictory, because every left-side value will thus be considered both smaller and greater than, both equal to and unequal to, every element of the right-side stream.

Nevertheless, it aligns perfectly with formal logic: if the set is empty, the predicate is true for every row in the set.

ANY and SOME

Syntax
<value> <op> {ANY | SOME} (<select_stmt>)

The quantifiers ANY and SOME are identical in their behaviour.Both are specified in the SQL standard, and they be used interchangeably to improve the readability of operators.When the ANY or the SOME quantifier is used, the predicate is TRUE if any of the values returned by the subquery satisfies the condition in the predicate of the main query.If the subquery returns no rows at all, the predicate is automatically considered as FALSE.

Example

Show only those clients whose ratings are higher than those of one or more clients in Rome.

SELECT *
FROM Customers
WHERE rating > ANY
      (SELECT rating
       FROM Customers
       WHERE city = 'Rome')

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